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AIM: To assess the psychometric properties of the Thai version of Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 2 (CC-SC-CII-v2) among primary caregivers of individuals with any single or multiple chronic illnesses. BACKGROUND: The instrument encompasses three scales that evaluate Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care (CC-SC) Maintenance, Monitoring and Management. METHODS: The English version CC-SC-CII-v2 was translated and adapted for Thai context, and a cross-sectional multicenter study involved 430 caregivers from 16 primary care centres in Thailand. Structural validity, internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were examined. RESULTS: The original two-factor CC-SC Maintenance scale required a re-specified model for good fit, while the CC-SC Monitoring and CC-SC Management scales fit well. The simultaneous model of three scales demonstrated satisfactory fit. The CC-SC Maintenance and CC-SC Management scales both had a composite reliability index of 0.85, with omega coefficients of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. CC-SC Monitoring had an alpha coefficient of 0.89. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.84 to 0.91, indicating good test-retest reliability. CONCLUSION: The Thai CC-SC-CII-v2 is a valid and reliable instrument that can provide clinicians and investigators with an evaluation of the contributions of caregivers to the self-care of patients with chronic illnesses.
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Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Thai version of Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care (CC-SC) of Chronic Illness Inventory version 2 (CC-SC-CII-v2) in stroke caregivers. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study following the COSMIN guidelines, evaluating validity and reliability of three separate scales, CC-SC Maintenance, CC-SC Monitoring, and CC-SC Management, as well as overall CC-SC-CII-v2. From September to December 2022, we enrolled 422 stroke caregivers from primary care centers in southern Thailand. Structural validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while concurrent validity was evaluated using Pearson's correlation r coefficients between CC-SC-CII-v2 and the Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Contributing to Patient Self-Care Scale (CSE-CSC). Internal coherence reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient, the composite reliability index, and the McDonald's ω coefficient. Additionally, test-retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: The study included mostly middle-aged women who cared for their parent. CFA supported the two-factor structure of the CC-SC Maintenance and Management scales and the one-factor structure of the CC-SC Monitoring scale. A simultaneous CFA on the combined set of items supported the more general model. The concurrent validity of CC-SC-CII-v2 with CSE-CSC was established (r ranging 0.47-0.65, all P < 0.001). Reliability estimates supported adequate Cronbach's α coefficient (ranging 0.83-0.89), composite reliability (ranging 0.84-0.85), McDonald's ω coefficients (ranging 0.83-0.85), and ICCs (ranging 0.86-0.90) across the three scales. Conclusions: The Thai CC-SC-CII-v2 demonstrated strong psychometric properties among stroke caregivers. It can be a valuable instrument to investigate the role of caregivers in contributing to stroke patients' self-care in diverse cultural contexts like Thailand.
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Objectives: To translate and validate the Thai Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 4.c (Thai SC-CII v4.c) in individuals with chronic illnesses. Methods: A scale translation and cross-sectional validation study was conducted. The English version was translated for Thai involved nine steps: preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, back-translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing and finalization, and proofreading. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2022 at 16 primary care centers in southern Thailand, involving 410 participants with at least one chronic condition. Validity assessments included structural, convergent, and discriminant validity. Concurrent validity examined correlations between SC-CII v4.c with the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSES) and self-perceived health. Internal coherence reliability was calculated using Cronbach's α coefficient, item-total correlation coefficients, and the composite reliability (CR) index. Results: Thai SC-CII v4.c demonstrated excellent translational validity (κ = 0.99). The specified Self-Care Maintenance model fit well, with minor differences in health promoting behavior and illness-related behavior items compared to the original model. The original Self-Care Monitoring, and Self-Care Management models fit well with Thai data. Simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a satisfactory fit of the full SC-CII v4.c. Convergent validity had partial support (average variance extracted = 0.23-0.51), and discriminant validity was established (heterotrait-monotrait ratios = 0.37-0.88). Concurrent validity was supported by positive correlations between each scale and overall SC-CII v.4c with SCSES (r = 0.25-0.65) and self-perceived health (r = 0.09-0.35). The Cronbach's α coefficient were adequate for all scales except the Self-Care Maintenance scale (Cronbach's α = 0.68), but the CR estimate improved the reliability of all three scales (ranging 0.80-0.82). All items had satisfactory item-total correlation coefficients (ranging 0.34-0.71), except the one pertaining to sleep. Conclusions: The Thai SC-CII v4.c is valid and reliable for assessing self-care in various chronic illnesses. Further testing is recommended for patients with specific diseases.
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AIM: To test the validity and reliability of the Caregiver Self-Efficacy in Contribution to Self-Care Scale Thai Version (CC-Self Efficacy Scale (Thai)) for Stroke. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was undertaken from September to December 2022. METHODS: Four hundred thirty-four caregivers of people with stroke were selected from the registry of stroke patients in primary care units or hospitals following inclusion criteria. The research assistants collected information when the caregiver took a patient for a doctor's appointment or visited the patient's and caregiver's home. RESULTS: The 434 caregivers had a mean age of 48 years, female 77.67%, 51.97% child or grandchild of patients, and 72.85% living with the patient. Ten items of the CC-Self Efficacy Scale (Thai) were normally distributed and appropriate for exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA suggested three-factor model. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the three-factor model was an unfit model, with the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.09. We regrouped items based on content to create six-factor model. CFA supported the six-factor model of CC-Self Efficacy Scale (Thai) questionnaire with the reliability judged by McDonald's omega being 0.87. The 434 sample size was enough for EFA and CFA. The CC-Self Efficacy Scale (Thai) with the six-factor model is appropriate for evaluating the caregiver confidence of people with stroke.
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Background: Several trials have verified the benefits of stroke unit (SU) in acute stroke care worldwide. Objective: Compare clinical outcomes and costs of care in acute ischemic stroke patients who were ineligible for thrombolytic treatment (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator-rt PA) in a primary stroke center. Material and Method: A prospective study was conducted in acute ischemic stroke patients, aged 15 years old and above, presenting within 72 hours of onset. At discharge, neurological and medical complications, mortality rate, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Activities of Daily Living (Barthel ADLs Index), and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) for disability were measured, as well as the length of stay, and cost of hospital care. Results: There were 1,110 acute ischemic stroke patients, 472 subjects (42.52%) in general medical ward (GMW), and 638 subjects (57.48%) in stroke unit (SU). The number of neurological (brain edema, hemorrhagic transformation, or recurrent stroke), and medical complications (gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pneumonia, or pressure sore) in GMW had highly statistical significance (p<0.001, p<0.001) more than those in SU, with adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI) of 84.53 (31.14 to 229.46), 4.03 (1.99 to 8.17), respectively. Whereas, the death rate, NIHSS, and disability (Barthel Index of ADLs, and mRS) were statistically significant lower among SU cases (p = 0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001) respectively. The median length of stay was three days in both groups, while the median cost of in hospital care was 10,206 Thai Bahts in SU, which was 15.23% higher (p<0.001). Conclusion: The stroke unit increases the survival rate among stroke patient compared with the general medical ward and have less complication.
